requestId:684c3e4472a333.90310157.

The syntax and other “because it cannot be lost” – analysis from syntactic meaning to verbal reasoning

Author: Hu Jianhua

Source: “Chinese Language” No. 1, 2020

Content summary:This article analyzes several more promising sentences in “The Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of the Speak of The first article evaluates the syntactic structure of “Because you don’t lose your opinion” in the “Study and Learning” chapter. From the perspective of syntax, this sentence is a repetition, not a single sentence; based on the limitations of verbal meaning and parallel correspondence between the structure, this article believes that the two sentences “Believe in the meaning” and “respect in the gift” in the previous text are also repetitions. Then, this article divides the meaning of “faith” and “comprehension” from the perspective of literal meaning and language. Finally, this article discusses the meaning of “Intellectuals and not wealth, but only strange” in the “Strange Stories” chapter, pointing out that from the perspective of related theoretical arguments, the “Strange Stories” sentence appears in the “Strange Stories” chapter. Confucius used this sentence to realize that time. The most advantageous relationship between the talent of the dynasty; there is an internal logical relationship between the interpretation of “If you are honest, you will not be rich, but you will only be strange” and the interpretation of “If you attack the strange, you will be harmed” in the “Speech·Zihan” and the interpretation of “I knock on both ends and exhaust them” in the “Speech·Zihan” chapter.

 

Keywords:Syntax; Related Theory; Literature; Language Meaning; Repetition; “Because you don’t lose your opinion”

 

Author introduction:Hu Jianhua, Language Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.

 

Fund Item:This research and discussion has been funded by the National Social Science Fund’s key project “Value and Partial Research and Discussion in the Element Selection” (14AYY016).

 

1. Introduction

 

The first article discusses the syntactic structure of “not losing the word” in the “Study and Learning” chapter; then explores the meaning of the sentence “Penchant” quoted in the “Penchant” chapter “If you are honest, you are not rich, you are just strange”, and then points out that the interpretation of the sentence “Penchant” is related to the interpretation of the sentence “Penchant” in the “Penchant” chapter “Attacking the wrong ends, this is the harm” and the interpretation of the sentence “I knock on both ends and exhausted” in the “Penchant” chapter “I knock on both ends and exhausted” in the “Penchant”.

 

First, the following examples in this article illustrate that the interpretation of “Theory” sometimes requires syntax analysis.

 

(1) A Master said: “Believe is close to the meaning of meaning, and words can be reversal. Be respect is close to the gift of gift, and it is far from being humiliated. Because it does not lose its meaning, it can also be the subject of the subject.” (“Speech·Study”)

 

In the past, the annotators often do not consider syntax when they interpret this sentence. However, considering syntax and not syntax, sometimes the interpretation of sentences is not the same, and even in common. Many comments from later generationsThe “cause is not lost” and “faith is close to meaning” and “confidence is close to gifts” are treated as a single sentence. Some people describe “cause” as “dependence” and interpret this sentence according to a single sentence. The reading problem is larger, because this is equivalent to saying “real” as “no loss of the word”, and this is not suitable for subcategorization requests for “real”. This article believes that from a syntactic perspective, “faith”, “respect”, and “reason” should be analyzed as words. These three words are projected separately as VP and then projected into sentences on the basis of VP. The sentences formed on the basis of these three words are all conditional sentences. Therefore, “faith is close to meaning”, “respect is close to gift” and “because it does not lose its opinion” are both repetitions of conditional sentences.

 

Then, this article interprets the poem “Pen Shu” in “Theory” from the perspective of Relevance Theory” from the perspective of “Relevance Theory” “If you are sincere, you are only different, you think you are different.” It believes that the poem appears in “Theory·Theory” is not as simple as Cheng Shu, a wise scholar of the Northern Song Dynasty, said, but is closely related to how to distinguish and confuse. Confucius used this sentence to be fair in language in his era and was suitable for the request of relevant theoretical discussions.

 

2. Syntax of “because you cannot lose your opinion”

 

2.1 Some interpretations of later generations

 

If you look at the syntactic perspective of some sentences in “The Sentences”, some of them seem to be difficult to understand. The sentences in “The Sentences·Study” shown in the above example (1) are an example.

 

Yang Bojun (1980:8) gave this sentence the following modern Han translation:

 

Youzi said: “The convention words that are kept are appropriate and the words that are spoken can be revealed. The conservative and noble appearance of the person who is in a good manner will not be bullied. People who are deeply dependent are reliable.”

 

Yang Bojun used “the convention words that are kept” to translate “faith”. According to this translation, “Finance” is actually interpreted as a noun. Similarly, his translation of “respect”, that is, “the pride of being polite to look at the appearance”, is also the structure of noun. But then he did not translate the “cause” according to the noun structure, but understood it as a verb. In this way, the three sentences “faith is close to meaning”, “respect is close to gift”, and “because you cannot lose your opinion” do not have a structural parallel correspondence. He believed that “cause” means “attachment” and “borrowing”, while “Zuan” means “master” and “reliable”. He pointed out that it is inappropriate to interpret “Zuan” as “respect”.

 

Sun Yang-Shen (2013:9) translated the following:

 

Youzi said: “If the words under the verbs are in line with the meaning, such words are real. If the words are in line with the gift, you can avoid humiliation far away. Among the people who are close to you, it is also adorable that you have never missed your own family.Honest. ”

 

Sun Yan-hyun translated “faith” as “the verb under the verb”, so he also understood the noun in his analysis. His translation of “congratulation” was “congratulation”, and seemed to believe that “congratulation” has more verb characteristics. With differences with Yang Bojun, Sun Yan-hyun remarked “cause” as “faith” and referred to “sect” as “sect”. He believed that “cause does not lose its verbal meaning” means “congratulation”, and translated “construction” as “close” “Among people.” According to this translation, “because” needs to be treated first as a noun, and then further understand the postposition group.

 

Sun Yanxian strongly emphasized that “faith” must be “conforming to the meaning” to be realized. He pointed out: &#82